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寒冷的环境有利于棕色脂肪的形成
棕色脂肪(又称棕色脂肪组织)是一种能够燃烧能量产生热量的特殊脂肪。棕色脂肪能为小动物、婴儿保暖，而棕色脂肪供应充足的动物，能免受糖尿病、肥胖的困扰。不过这类特殊脂肪组织与新陈代谢的关系却一直并不明确。
悉尼加尔文医学研究所(Garvan Institute of Medical Research)内分泌学家保罗·李(Paul Lee)的“在较冷环境下长期暴露对人类影响”实验(以下简称为ICEMAN)”，展示了棕色脂肪的可塑性。而李此前的研究显示，体内棕色脂肪充裕的人，往往更为瘦削，血糖水平也较低;此外，普通的人类白色脂肪细胞，能够转化为棕色脂肪细胞。
ICEMAN的5位健康男性志愿者，需要在四个月的时间里，每日至少10小时暴露在的温度之内——他们每天白天过着正常生活，而晚上则回到温控临床实验中心。
四个月中，*个月实验室温度保持在24摄氏度，身体并不需要费力产生或消耗热量。第二个月，温度降到19摄氏度，第三个月回到了24度，第四个月又上升到了27度。每月临近结束的时候，志愿者需要进行详尽的“热代谢评估”。首月月末的测量结果，被定位“标准线”。
此外，实验过程中还采用PET/CT进行扫描，测量棕色脂肪、肌肉、脂肪检测代谢变化。实验结果显示，棕色脂肪在冷的月份增加，在温暖的月份则会下滑。
棕色脂肪量增加能够影响代谢，其中一大好处就是提升胰岛素的敏感性——这意味着，体内棕色脂肪较多的人，餐后降低血糖水平只需要较少的胰岛素。
“在这项研究以前，是否能够实际控制人体棕色脂肪生长还是未知数。我们的研究发现，寒冷月份会让棕色脂肪增加30%至40%。而在第二个温度为24摄氏度的实验月份，棕色脂肪水平回落到基线水平。第四月——温度高达27度，棕色脂肪的量回落到基准线以下。”

The cold environment is conducive to the formation of brown fat
Brown fat (also known as brown adipose tissue) is a special fat that burns energy to produce heat. Brown fat for small animals, babies warm, and adequate supply of brown fat animal, can be free from diabetes, obesity problems. However, the relationship between this particular type of adipose tissue and metabolism has not been clear.
Recent research by Paul Lee, an endocrinologist at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research in Sydney, "long-term exposure to human effects in colder climates" (hereafter referred to as "ICEMAN") showed that brown fat Plasticity, while previous studies by Lee showed that people with ample brown fat in the body tend to be more obese and have lower blood sugar levels; in addition, ordinary human white adipocytes can be transformed into brown fat cells.
ICEMAN's five healthy male volunteers need to be exposed to the specified temperature for at least 10 hours a day over a four-month period - they live normal daily during the day and return to a temperature controlled clinical trial center in the evening .
In the first month in four months, the laboratory temperature is kept at 24 degrees Celsius, and the body does not need to be laborious to produce or consume calories. The second month, the temperature dropped to 19 degrees Celsius, the third month back to 24 degrees, the fourth month rose to 27 degrees. Towards the end of each month, volunteers need a detailed "thermometric assessment." The measurement result of the first month and the end of the month is positioned as "standard line".
In addition, PET / CT was also used during the experiment to measure the metabolic changes of brown fat, muscle and fat. Experimental results show that brown fat increases in cold months and falls in warm months.
One of the major benefits of increased brown fat mass is its increased sensitivity to insulin - meaning that people who have more brown fat in their body need less insulin to lower their blood glucose levels after a meal.
"Before this study, it was unknown whether there was any real control over the growth of brown fat in our body, and our study found that the cold months increased brown fat by 30% to 40%, while in the second month at 24 degrees Celsius, the brown Fat levels dropped back to baseline in April - the temperature was as high as 27 degrees and the amount of brown fat dropped below baseline. "