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【市场部】    杨永汉

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衣原体（Chlamydia）很小，直径200-500纳米，能通过细菌滤膜。立克次氏体（Rickettsia）略大，大多不能通过滤菌膜。它们都有DNA和RNA，有革兰氏阴性细菌特征的含肽聚糖的细胞壁，但酶系统不*，必须在寄主细胞内生活，有摄能寄生物（energe parasite）之称。
砂眼是衣原体引起的，由于能形成包含体，起初被认为是大型病毒，1956年，中国有名微生物学家汤飞凡及其助手张晓楼等人*分离到沙眼的病原体。
衣原体生活史特殊，具有感染力的个体称为原体（elementory body），体积小，有坚韧的细胞壁。在宿主细胞内，原体逐渐伸长，形成无感染力的个体，称作始体（initial body），是一种薄壁的球状细胞，体积较大，通过二等分裂的方式在宿主细胞内形成一个微菌落，随后大量的子细胞有分化为具有感染能力的原体。
立克次氏体也是专性细胞内寄生的，主要寄生于节肢动物，有的会通过蚤、虱、蜱、螨传入人体、如斑疹伤寒、战壕热。
美国医生H.T.Richetts 1909年*发现它是落基山斑疹伤寒的病原体，并于1910年牺牲于此病，故后人称这类病原体为立克次氏体。与衣原体的不同处在于其细胞较大，无滤过性，合成能力较强，且不形成包涵体。原核生物即广义的细菌，指一大类细胞核无核膜包裹，只存在称做核区的裸露DNA的原始单细胞生物，包括真细菌和古生菌两大类群，但由于古生菌又具有许多真核生物的特征，明显区别于细菌，因此不将古生菌列入其中，而将其拿出来单独描述。具体根据外表特征等方面可以把原核生物分为狭义的细菌、蓝细菌、放线菌、支原体、衣原体、螺旋体和立克次氏体七大类。[2] 
与真核生物的种类相比，已发现的原核生物种类虽不甚多，但其生态分布却极其广泛，生理性能也极其庞杂。有的种类能在饱和的盐溶液中生活；有的却能在蒸馏水中生存；有的能在0℃下繁殖；有的却以70℃为zui适温度；有的是*的无机化能营养菌，以二氧化碳为*碳源；有的却只能在活细胞内生虽然它不*、虽然它简单，但是能在这个竞争激烈的环境中长久地活下去都会拥有自己的专属技能——原核生物的多样性。

Chlamydia is very small, 200-500 nm in diameter, and can pass through bacterial filters. Rickettsia is slightly larger and mostly can not pass through the filter membrane. They all have DNA and RNA, and have peptidoglycan-containing cell walls characterized by Gram-negative bacteria. However, the enzyme system is incomplete and must live in the host cell with the name energe parasite.
Trachoma is caused by Chlamydia. Due to its ability to form inclusion bodies, it was originally considered as a large virus. In 1956, the famous Chinese microbiologist Tang Feifan and his assistant Zhang Xiaolou were the first to isolate the pathogen of trachoma.
Chlamydia special life history, infectious individuals known as the body (elementory body), small, tough cell walls. In host cells, protoplasts progressively expand to form non-infectious individuals, called initial bodies, which are thin-walled globular cells that are bulky and divide within the host cell by a second division Form a micro-colony, then a large number of daughter cells have the ability to differentiate into the original body.
Rickettsia is also a specialized intracellular parasitism, mainly parasitic on arthropods, some through fleas, lice, ticks, mites into the body, such as typhus, trencher fever.
American physician H.T. Richetts first discovered in 1909 that it was the causative agent of the typhus in Rocky Mountain and died of the disease in 1910. Therefore, it is later described as rickettsia. Chlamydia and the difference lies in its larger cells, no filtration, synthesis ability, and does not form inclusion bodies. Prokaryotes that broadly defined bacteria, refers to a large group of nuclear-free nuclear envelope, there is only the nuclear DNA known as the original unicellular organisms, including eubacteria and archaea, two groups, but because of archaebacteria also have Many of the features of eukaryotes are clearly distinguishable from bacteria, so they are not included but are described separay. According to the appearance of the specific aspects of the prokaryotes can be divided into narrow bacteria, cyanobacteria, actinomycetes, mycoplasma, chlamydia, spirochetes and rickettsia seven categories. [2] 
Compared with the types of eukaryotes, although the types of prokaryotes have not been found much, their ecological distribution is extremely wide and their physiological properties are extremely complicated. Some species can live in saturated salt solution; some can survive in distilled water; some can reproduce at 0 ℃; others are at 70 ℃ for the optimum temperature; some are compley inorganic nutrients, Carbon dioxide is the sole source of carbon; some are endogenous to living cells. Although it is not complete, it is simple, but its ability to survive long in a highly competitive environment has its own proprietary skills - prokaryotic Diversity